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第23部分

the lady of the lake-第23部分

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w before I began my course as a man of letters。 If a man is determined to make a noise in the world; he is as sure to encounter abuse and ridicule; as he who gallops furiously through a village must reckon on being followed by the curs in full cry。 Experienced persons know that in stretching to flog the latter; the rider is very apt to catch a bad fall; nor is an attempt to chastise a malignant critic attended with less danger to the author。 On this principle; I let parody; burlesque; and squibs find their own level; and while the latter hissed most fiercely; I was cautious never to catch them up; as schoolboys do; to throw them back against the naughty boy who fired them off; wisely remembering that they are in such cases apt to explode in the handling。  Let me add; that my reign'FN#4' (since Byron has so called it) was marked by some instances of good… nature as well as patience。  I never refused a literary person of merit such services in smoothing his way to the public as were in my power; and I had the advantage; rather an uncommon one with our irritable race; to enjoy general favour without incurring permanent ill…will; so far as is known to me; among any of my contemporaries。

   W。S。    Abbotsford; April; 1830。

Our limits do not permit us to add any extended selections from the many critical notices of the poem。  The verdict of Jeffrey; in the Edinburgh Review; on its first appearance; has been generally endorsed:

〃Upon the whole; we are inclined to think more highly of The Lady  of the Lake than of either of its author's former publications 'the Lay and Marmion'。  We are more sure; however; that it has fewer faults than that it has greater beauties; and as its beauties bear a strong resemblance to those with which the public has been already made familiar in these celebrated works; we should not be surprised if its popularity were less splendid and remarkable。  For our own parts; however; we are of opinion that it will be oftener read hereafter than either of them; and that; if it had appeared first in the series; their reception would have been less favourable than that which it has experienced。  It is more polished in its diction; and more regular in its versification; the story is constructed with infinitely more skill and address; there is a greater proportion of pleasing and tender passages; with much less antiquarian detail; and; upon the whole; a larger variety of characters; more artfully and judiciously contrasted。  There is nothing so fine; perhaps; as the battle in Marmion; or so picturesque as some of the scattered sketches in the Lay; but there is a richness and a spirit in the whole piece which does not pervade either of those poems; a profusion of incident and a shifting brilliancy of colouring that reminds us of the witchery of Ariosto; and a constant elasticity and occasional energy which seem to belong more peculiarly to the author now before us。〃





Canto First。




Each canto is introduced by one or more Spenserian stanzas;'FN#5' forming a kind of prelude to it。  Those prefixed to the first canto serve as an introduction to the whole poem; which is 〃inspired by the spirit of the old Scottish minstrelsy。〃


2。  Witch…elm。  The broad…leaved or wych elm (Ulmus montana); indigenous to Scotland。  Forked branches of the tree were used in the olden time as divining…rods; and riding switches from it were supposed to insure good luck on a journey。  In the closing stanzas of the poem (vi。 846) it is called the 〃wizard elm。〃  Tennyson (In Memoriam; 89) refers to

   〃Witch…elms that counterchange the floor        Of this flat lawn with dusk and bright。〃

Saint Fillan was a Scotch abbot of the seventh century who became famous as a saint。  He had two springs; which appear to be confounded by some editors of the poem。  One was at the eastern end of Loch Earn; where the pretty modern village of St。 Fillans now stands; under the shadow of Dun Fillan; or St。 Fillan's Hills; six hundred feet high; on the top of which the saint used to say his prayers; as the marks of his knees in the rock still testify to the credulous。  The other spring is at another village called St。 Fillans; nearly thirty miles to the westward; just outside the limits of our map; on the road to Tyndrum。  In this Holy Pool; as it is called; insane folk were dipped with certain ceremonies; and then left bound all night in the open air。  If they were found loose the next morning; they were supposed to have been cured。 This treatment was practised as late as 1790; according to Pennant; who adds that the patients were generally found in the morning relieved of their troublesby death。  Another writer; in 1843; says that the pool is still visited; not by people of the vicinity; who have no faith in its virtue; but by those from distant places。 Scott alludes to this spring in Marmion; i。 29:

   〃Thence to Saint Fillan's blessed well;      Whose springs can frenzied dreams dispel;        And the crazed brain restore。〃


3。  And down the fitful breeze; etc。  The original MS。 reads:

   〃And on the fitful breeze thy numbers flung;      Till envious ivy; with her verdant ring;      Mantled and muffled each melodious string;      O Wizard Harp; still must thine accents sleep?〃


10。  Caledon。  Caledonia; the Roman name of Scotland。


14。  Each according pause。  That is; each pause in the singing。 In Marmion; ii。 11; according is used of music that fills the intervals of other music:

   〃Soon as they neared his turrets strong;      The maidens raised Saint Hilda's song;      And with the sea…wave and the wind      Their voices; sweetly shrill; combined;        And made harmonious close;      Then; answering from the sandy shore;      Half…drowned amid the breakers' roar;        According chorus rose。〃

The MS。 reads here:

   〃At each according pause thou spokest aloud      Thine ardent sympathy sublime and high。〃


28。  The stag at eve had drunk his fill。  The metre of the poem proper is iambic; that is; with the accent on the even syllables; and octosyllabic; or eight syllables to the line。


29。  Monan's rill。  St。 Monan was a Scotch martyr of the fourth century。  We can find no mention of any rill named for him。


31。  Glenartney。  A valley to the north…east of Callander; with Benvoirlich (which rises to the height of 3180 feet) on the north; and Uam…Var (see 53 below) on the south; separating it from the valley of the Teith。  It takes its name from the Artney; the stream flowing through it。


32。  His beacon red。  The figure is an appropriate one in describing this region; where fires on the hill…tops were so often used as signals in the olden time。  Cf。 the Lay; iii。 379:

    〃And soon a score of fires; I ween;      From height; and hill; and cliff; were seen;      Each with warlike tidings fraught;      Each from each the signal caught;〃 etc。


34。  Deep…mouthed。  Cf。 Shakespeare; 1 Hen。 VI。 ii。 4。 12: 〃Between two dogs; which hath the deeper mouth;〃 and T。 of S。 ind。 1。 18: 〃the deep…mouthed brach〃 (that is; hound)。

The MS。 reads:

   〃The bloodhound's notes of heavy bass      Resounded hoarsely up the pass。〃


35。  Resounded 。。。 rocky。  The poet often avails himself of 〃apt alliteration's artful aid;〃 as here; and in the next two lines; most frequently in pairs of words。


38。  As Chief; etc。  Note here; as often; the simile put BEFORE that which it illustrates;an effective rhetorical; though not the logical; arrangement。


45。  Beamed frontlet。  Antlered forehead。


46。  Adown。  An instance of a purely poetical word; not admissible in prose。


49。  Chase。  Here put for those engaged in the chase; as in 101 and 171; below。  One of its regular meanings is the OBJECT of the chase; or the animal pursued。


53。  Uam…Var。  〃Ua…Var; as the name is pronounced; or more properly Uaigh…mor; is a mountain to the north…east of the village of Callander; in Menteith; deriving its name; which signifies the great den; or cavern; from a sort of retreat among the rocks on the south side; said; by tradition; to have been the abode of a giant。 In latter times; it was the refuge of robbers and banditti; who have been only extirpated within these forty or fifty years。 Strictly speaking; this stronghold is not a cave; as the name would imply; but a sort of small enclosure; or recess; surrounded with large rocks and open above head。  It may have been originally designed as a toil for deer; who might get in from the outside; but would find it difficult to return。  This opinion prevails among the old sportsmen and deer…stalkers in the neighborhood〃 (Scott)。


54。  Yelled。  Note the emphatic force of the inversion; as in 59 below。  Cf。 38 above。

Opening。  That is; barking on view or scent of the game; a hunting term。  Cf。 Shakespeare; M。 W。 iv。 2。 209: 〃If I bark out thus upon no trail never trust me when I open again。〃

The description of the echo which follows is very spirited。


66。  Cairn。  Literally; a heap of stones; here put poetically for the rocky point which the falcon takes as a look…out。


69。  Hurricane。  A metaphor for the wild rush of the hunt。


71。  Linn。  Literally; a deep pool; but often = cataract; as in Bracklinn; ii。 270 below (cf。 vi。 488); and sometimes = pre

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